To reach zero emissions in transportation, the emissions for charging or fueling the vehicle need to be accounted for. To zero these out with BEVs is expensive and getting moreso. The total infrastructure cost per car for H2 cars will be 1/3 that of most BEVs. Worse, the costs for grid upgrades for BEVs will be rate-based to make them a regressive tax for people that don't want BEVs.

If Plug goes bankrupt, it isn't a red flag for the entire industry. It's a sign of another company spreading themselves too thin and trying to build technology that is too advanced and expensive for them to handle.

Liquid hydrogen is hard. Without the right partners, an H2 company pursuing LH2 risks going under. With the right partners they require strong commercial protections to avoid going under. In addition, LH2 is too expensive, making it a niche use case in H2. Mitigate your risks accordingly.

The fall of Universal Hydrogen was not an indictment of the hydrogen ecosystem - but instead was a failure of investors to do diligence on a company design that was destined to fail.

How we move hydrogen. In the EU, compressed gaseous hydrogen reigns owing to lower cost - in part because the EU has approved new carbon trailers and the US DOT has no way to do that. In the US we use liquid - which is overpriced. End game is open-access regional and national H2 pipelines.

H2 production pathways, their emissions, and commercial viability

New hydrogen uses are both required and likely in the expanding hydrogen economy. Read about the present and upcoming ones.

What is Hydrogen currently used for? It is a core component of both our food supply chain and our fuel supply chain. It helps keep us fed, keeps our air clean, and is important for chemical industry.

Hydrogen is much safer than you think - because we know how to manage it.